Elite: Dangerous launcher fails to start

A few days after I posted the above, the problem went away without any reason I could see, and then came back a few months later and I found a solution, so I wanted to document my answer the question.

It turns out that the EDLaunch.exe is dependent on particular .NET Framework versions (as I hypothesized in the question)—but what I didn’t get was that when you do either of the following:

1. Accept a prerelease (or possibly brand-new stable release, if Frontier Developments hasn’t issued an update first) version of Windows 10, .NET Framework, or
2. Install Visual Studio Code

you will get a mandatorily upgraded .NET Framework.

I was aware of #1, the Windows/.NET Framework upgrading issue—and this is likely the issue that Rob Chase was experiencing in their rejected answer saying a reinstall of Windows was necessary.¹

But in my case, it was #2, installing Visual Studio Code (which, ironically, I first installed on my gaming machine to look at XML files like the ones I was scrutinizing above more comfortably). Installing Visual Studio Code results in a new version of .NET Framework being installed which is designed to sit alongside the primary version Windows is running.

(Visual Studio Code is packaged in a somewhat unusual format (for Windows) in that it can be installed from the Windows Store, but isn’t a proper Universal Windows Platform app because—being a compiler—it needs to do things that aren’t allowed in the UWP sandbox. From commentary on the first draft of this answer, I think that is what leads to the strange behavior here, as Visual Studio Code installs a .NET Framework for it to work with, not intending for anything else to use it, but EDLaunch sees it and somehow gets confused.)

EDLaunch.exe may latch onto it but be unable to use it because minor versions can introduce incompatibilities (only patch or build levels at the same minor version are fully interoperable). This was what was causing the exception in the error screenshot.

I’m not a Windows expert by any means, but apparently this latching is persistent once an update of EDLaunch.exe is successful, because the steps I had to follow to eliminate the issue and start Elite normally were:

1. Uninstall Visual Studio Code and verify via “Windows Features” that only a single .NET Framework remains on the system
2. Start EDLaunch.exe (a reinstall may be necessary)
3. Start the game and exit again
4. Quit the launcher
5. Install Visual Studio Code once again

EDLaunch.exe continued to work normally—even after the next update of EDLaunch.exe came from Steam and the next patch of Visual Studio Code came from Microsoft. I don’t fully understand the mechanics here, but it is consistent with the FDev knowledge-base article about resolving .NET incompatibilities.

I think, ordinarily, this issue shouldn’t arise at all, when either the Elite launcher or Visual Studio Code is updated. But if it does, temporarily uninstalling Visual Studio Code should fix it—and if it doesn’t, reinstalling the Elite launcher should. Then you can reinstall Visual Studio as you like.

The most confusing thing for me in this situation is that, in the “Windows Features” step of the troubleshooting instructions quoted above, you may find a lot of .NET Framework versions (I had almost a dozen, spanning from versions 2.3 to 4.8), and they aren’t necessarily all conveniently grouped together in the collapsible outline view—you have to search for .NET (not .NET Framework, as that shows installed features matching either .NET or Framework) and uninstall all but the latest — except for the Visual Studio Code one, which you aren’t allowed to uninstall here because Visual Studio Code depends on it.

It’s confusing because most of the versions you need to delete will be together in the outline list, so if you get them, you may mistakenly think you’ve gotten them all—when another is hanging out elsewhere in a collapsed part of the outline. (VSC’s quasi-UWP format may be to blame for this weirdness.)

So the knowledge-base article may need to be expanded to explain this case—I don’t know how many Elite players will also be running Visual Studio Code on their machines, but if they are, they have additional steps to follow.

I hope this is helpful to anyone who may later experience this vexing issue.²

² I neglected to include the text of the error message of which I posted a screenshot above. To improve searchability for this issue, I’ll include it here:

Unhandled Exception: Cannot create instance of 'CobraBayWindow' 
defined in assembly 
'EDLaunch, Version=0.4.6496.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null'. 
Exception has been thrown by the target of an invocation.
Error in markup file                                                                                                                                                                                 
'EDLaunch;component/CobraBayWindow.xaml'. 

In my case I've solved the problem deleting a duplicate tag in EDLaunch.exe.config:

<supportedRuntime version="v2.0.50727"/>

leaving only this one:

<supportedRuntime version="v4.0"/>

Found here: https://www.reddit.com/r/EliteDangerous/comments/bfmm5n/if_launcher_does_not_start_in_elite_dangerous/

I had this problem and after weeks of troubleshooting, the only thing that solved the issue was reinstalling windows (keeping my personal files). It’s not very convenient, but it works.